{"id":33662,"date":"2026-07-15T04:09:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-15T04:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/?post_type=insight-and-news&#038;p=33662"},"modified":"2026-07-15T04:09:02","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T04:09:02","slug":"shaping-arbitration-in-2026-a-mid-year-review-of-four-significant-hong-kong-court-decisions","status":"publish","type":"insight-and-news","link":"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/insight-and-news\/shaping-arbitration-in-2026-a-mid-year-review-of-four-significant-hong-kong-court-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"Shaping Arbitration in 2026: a Mid-year Review of Four Significant Hong Kong Court Decisions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n    \n\n<div style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/wp-content\/themes\/tanner-de-witt\/images\/insightdetails.jpeg')\"\n    class=\"insight-news-detail-hero\" id=\"insight-news-detail-hero\">\n\n\t\t<div style=\"background-color:\" class=\"insight-news-detail-hero-overlay \"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"z-[0]\">\n                <div class=\"insight-news-breadcrumbs flex items-end practice-areas-featured-breadcrumbs \">\n                    <a class=\"page-link no-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/\">Home<\/a>                <\/div>\n\n\n                <div class=\"hero-title\">\n                    <h1>\n                        Shaping Arbitration in 2026: a Mid-year Review of Four Significant Hong Kong Court Decisions                    <\/h1>\n                <\/div>\n                \n                    <div style=\"\" class=\"hero-date \">\n\n                        <span class=\"month\">Jul<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"day\">15<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"year\">2026<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n    \n\n    \n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<script >\n    (function () {\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n\n            const breadCrumbsContainer = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(\".practice-areas-featured-breadcrumbs\"));\n\n            breadCrumbsContainer.forEach(container => {\n                const breadCrumbLinks = Array.from(container.querySelectorAll('.page-link'));\n                const breadCrumbSeperators = Array.from(container.querySelectorAll('.separator'));\n\n                if (Array.from(breadCrumbLinks).length === 1) {\n                    const homeNode = breadCrumbLinks[0];\n\n                    if (!homeNode) {\n                        return\n                    }\n\n                    const postTypeNode = homeNode.cloneNode(true);\n                    postTypeNode.textContent = \"Insights and News\";\n                    container.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<span class=\"separator practice-areas-featured-breadcrumb-item-slash\">\/<\/span>`)\n                    container.insertAdjacentElement('beforeend', postTypeNode)\n                    breadCrumbLinks.push(postTypeNode);\n\n                    if (\"Insights\") {\n                        const categoryNode = homeNode.cloneNode(true);\n\n                        categoryNode.textContent = \"Insights\";\n                        container.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<span class=\"separator practice-areas-featured-breadcrumb-item-slash\">\/<\/span>`)\n                        container.insertAdjacentElement('beforeend', categoryNode)\n                        breadCrumbLinks.push(categoryNode);\n                    }\n\n\n                    const titleNode = homeNode.cloneNode(true);\n\n                    titleNode.textContent = \"Shaping Arbitration in 2026: a Mid-year Review of Four Significant Hong Kong Court Decisions\";\n                    container.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `<span class=\"separator practice-areas-featured-breadcrumb-item-slash\">\/<\/span>`)\n                    container.insertAdjacentElement('beforeend', titleNode)\n                    breadCrumbLinks.push(titleNode);\n\n\n\n\n                }\n\n                breadCrumbLinks.forEach((link, index) => {\n\n                    link.classList.add('practice-areas-featured-breadcrumb-item-name');\n                    const origin = window.location.origin;\n                    const href = window.location.href;\n\n                    const originSplitter = window.location.href.includes(\"insight-and-news\") ? \"insight-and-news\" : window.location.href.includes('insights-and-news') ? \"insights-and-news\" : \"\"\n\n                    const paths = href.split(originSplitter);\n                    const links = paths[1].split(\"\/\").filter(Boolean)\n\n\n                    const resolvedOrigin = originSplitter ? 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The supplier later assigned its rights and obligations under the agreement to LY.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember433\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The agreement required HW to achieve specific annual sales values (\u201c<strong>ASV<\/strong>\u201d).\u00a0 LY terminated the agreement in 2019 and alleged that HW had failed to meet the ASV target for the previous year.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember434\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">A central issue was whether excess inventory value deducted from a given year\u2019s ASV for rebate purposes could be carried forward and included in the following year\u2019s ASV (the \u201c<strong>Rollover Arrangement<\/strong>\u201d).<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember435\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">HW commenced HKIAC arbitration and contended that LY\u2019s termination was wrongful because, applying the Rollover Arrangement, the 2017 excess inventory formed part of the 2018 ASV and the target was therefore met.\u00a0 The Tribunal accepted HW\u2019s argument and awarded HW damages for LY\u2019s wrongful termination.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember436\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">LY applied to set aside the award on due process and public policy grounds under section 81 of the Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. 609).\u00a0 It argued that the Tribunal had failed to address or give sufficient reasons on key issues pleaded in its defence, namely: (i) whether the Rollover Arrangement was consistent with and incorporated in the agreement; and (ii) whether LY had notice of and was bound by the Rollover Arrangement as an assignee under PRC law.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember437\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>First instance decision dismissing the set aside application [2022] HKCFI 2267<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember438\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Honourable Madam Justice Mimmie Chan dismissed the application and reaffirmed that the grounds for setting aside arbitral awards must be construed narrowly.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember439\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Although the Tribunal did not make explicit findings on the two issues, the Court made the following ruling:<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember440\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Judge cited a Singapore case (<em>AKN v ALC<\/em> [2015] 3 SLR 488) with approval \u2013 a court should not infer a tribunal failed to deal with an essential issue unless the inference is \u201c<em>clear and virtually inescapable<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember441\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Judge was not satisfied that the Tribunal\u2019s omission was a deliberate decision to leave certain issues unaddressed; her view is that the Tribunal did not consider them necessary to deal with at length.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember442\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Tribunal\u2019s alleged failure to address certain issues goes to the merits of its decision and may, at most, amount to an error of law. \u00a0It does <em>not<\/em>, however, constitute a ground for challenging or setting aside the arbitral award.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember443\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Judge held that parties to arbitration do not have a right to \u201c<em>have all their arguments addressed by the Tribunal.<\/em>\u201d \u00a0The Judge declined to interfere where the tribunal has implicitly addressed matters through its reasoning on related points.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember444\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Court further emphasised that arbitral awards should be read \u201c<em>in a reasonable and commercial way, without a meticulous legal eye endeavouring to pick holes, inconsistencies and faults, but generously, and only to remedy serious breaches of rules of natural justice which cause injustice<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember445\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The set-aside application was dismissed with indemnity costs.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember446\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Appeal decision [2026] HKCA 936<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember447\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">LY appealed the CFI decision.\u00a0 The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal and again awarded indemnity costs.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember448\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Court of Appeal noted a possible tension between the \u201c<em>clear and virtually inescapable inference<\/em>\u201d test from <em>AKN v ALC<\/em> [2015] 3 SLR 488 (Singapore decision) and the more flexible \u201c<em>apparent to the parties<\/em>\u201d test from <em>Z v R<\/em>[2021] HKCFI 2312.\u00a0 However, the Court did not decide which approach prevails, holding that LY would not even satisfy the more generous test \u2013 it is (or should be) apparent to the parties why the key issues were handled by the Tribunal as they were.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember449\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Court of Appeal found that the Tribunal was clearly alive to the key definition of ASV and engaged with the Rollover Arrangement issue.\u00a0 In light of the Tribunal\u2019s reasoning, there was no need to deal separately with other issues (including those concerning assignment under PRC law).<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember450\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Takeaway:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember451\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 With a pro-arbitration stance, the Hong Kong Courts will not easily set aside an arbitral award because a party alleges that certain arguments were ignored or only briefly addressed by a tribunal.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember452\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Only egregious errors causing a substantial failure of justice would meet the very high threshold to set aside an arbitral award.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"reader-divider-block__horizontal-rule\" \/>\n<p id=\"ember453\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong>2) <\/strong><strong><em>G, G v CNG and SIL <\/em><\/strong><strong>[2026] HKCFI 902 &#8211; Hong Kong court strikes down collateral attack on arbitral awards<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember454\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Hong Kong court delivered a strong reaffirmation of core principles: the finality of arbitral awards and the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the seat.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember455\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Facts:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember456\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Arising from a long saga of disputes over a mining project in the Democratic Republic of Congo and legal proceedings between China National Gold Group (Hong Kong) Ltd (\u201c<strong>CNG<\/strong>\u201d) and Global Mining Development L.P. and related entities (\u201c<strong>G Parties<\/strong>\u201d), four partial awards were issued in the previous arbitration proceedings in favour of the G Parties (\u201c<strong>Original Arbitration<\/strong>\u201d).<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember457\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The latest decision concerns two contested applications:<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember458\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CNG applied for a stay of the execution of the orders made by the court granting leave to the G Parties to enforce awards in the Original Arbitration;<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember459\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The G Parties applied for an anti-arbitration injunction to restrain CNG from pursuing a fresh arbitration alleging that the underlying agreements and the awards themselves had been procured by bribery (\u201c<strong>Injunction Application<\/strong>\u201d).<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember460\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The G Parties relied on two main grounds to support their Injunction Application:<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember461\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1) <em>Contractual Ground: <\/em>under the arbitration agreements, CNG agreed to submit disputes to arbitration in Hong Kong, accept Hong Kong as the seat of arbitration, and for Hong Kong courts to have exclusive supervisory jurisdiction.\u00a0 The pursuit of fresh arbitration breached the arbitration agreement.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember462\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2) <em>Abuse Ground: <\/em>CNG\u2019s claim to set aside the awards on the ground of alleged fraud\/bribery is an abuse of process because, among others, CNG is seeking to collaterally attack the arbitral awards and the Court\u2019s enforcement orders.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember463\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">CNG argued that newly discovered bribery\/fraud justified a fresh arbitration and a stay of enforcement.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember464\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Decision:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember465\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Honourable Madam Justice Mimmie Chan granted the G Parties\u2019 Injunction Application on both the Contractual Ground and Abuse Ground and dismissed CNG\u2019s application to stay execution and enforcement of arbitral awards.\u00a0 The following key issues were addressed in the judgment:<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember466\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1) <strong>Exclusive supervisory jurisdiction over challenges to awards:<\/strong>The court affirmed that Hong Kong-seated arbitral awards are subject only to the exclusive supervisory jurisdiction of the Hong Kong courts and attempts to invoke the jurisdiction of another court undermine that exclusive jurisdiction, which should be protected.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember467\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2) <strong>Article 34 of the Model Law (section 81 of the Arbitration Ordinance) provides the exclusive recourse to challenge a Hong Kong award: <\/strong>The court held that any application or action to resist recognition or enforcement of the rights conferred and obligations imposed by an award should be considered as a \u201crecourse\u201d (which should be interpreted broadly to cover \u201cindirect\u201d attack) and must comply with Article 34 requirements.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember468\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(3) <strong>Statutory time bar (3 months) is absolute, even in cases of fraud:<\/strong> the three-month period for a challenge to be made under Article 34(1) is absolute and cannot be extended by the court even where fraud is alleged.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember469\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Court ordered CNG to pay costs on an indemnity basis with certificate for three counsels.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember470\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Takeaway:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember471\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Hong Kong Court is willing to grant anti-arbitration injunctions where necessary to protect the integrity and finality of arbitral awards.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember472\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A party cannot evade Article 34 by repackaging a challenge to an arbitral award as a claim for fraud, bribery, or other relief. \u00a0If the substance of the claim is to undermine the award, Article 34 applies.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember473\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 When fraud is discovered after the three-month time limit for challenging arbitral awards, options are limited.\u00a0 Active participation in arbitrations or enforcement proceedings after discovering alleged fraud may amount to affirmation, barring subsequent claims for rescission.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"reader-divider-block__horizontal-rule\" \/>\n<p id=\"ember474\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong>3) <\/strong><strong><em>A v B1 and B2<\/em><\/strong><strong> [2026] HKCFI 2444 &#8211; Application to set aside an HKIAC Partial Award granted under the Early Determination Procedure dismissed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember475\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">On 28 April 2026, the CFI dismissed the plaintiff\u2019s entire case to set aside an arbitral award and a costs award made under the Early Determination Procedure (\u201c<strong>EDP<\/strong>\u201d), which was invoked by the defendants pursuant to Article 43 of the 2018 HKIAC Administered Rules (\u201c<strong>Rules<\/strong>\u201d).<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember476\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The EDP is similar in substance to, but not the same as, an application for summary judgment under the court procedures.\u00a0 It enables a party to request the tribunal to summarily decide one or more points of law or fact.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember477\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Facts<\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember478\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The plaintiff applied to Court to set aside the arbitral award on the following grounds:<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember479\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1) <em>Article 43 complaint: <\/em>The Tribunal failed to comply with the agreed procedures for the EDP by failing to identify point(s) of law or fact throughout the Tribunal\u2019s handling of the EDP application.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember480\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2) <em>Due process complaint:<\/em> The plaintiff did not have a fair opportunity to present its case.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember481\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(3) <em>Excess of submission complaint: <\/em>The Tribunal exceeded its jurisdiction by ruling on and dismissing matters beyond what was submitted for determination by the EDP.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember482\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(4) <em>Public policy ground:<\/em> The arbitral award conflicted with Hong Kong public policy by reason of the above, and was <em>infra petita<\/em> and\/or manifestly incoherent because the Tribunal failed to deal with the plaintiff\u2019s factual complaints.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember483\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The plaintiff also challenged the costs award on the ground that it was unable to present its case because the defendants failed to provide any meaningful breakdown in their statement of costs.\u00a0 It further contended that, in making the costs award in the absence of any breakdown and adopting a broad-brush approach, the Tribunal failed to properly discharge its duty to assess costs and acted in excess of its jurisdiction.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember484\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Decision<\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember485\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Court applied the prevailing legal principles and dismissed all of the plaintiff\u2019s complaints against both the arbitral award and costs award:<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember486\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1) <em>Article 43 complaint: <\/em>The Court found that there was no non-compliance with Article 43 of the Rules.\u00a0 The alleged breach of the Rules was at most a minor and technical breach and\u00a0 the plaintiff clearly had a fair and reasonable opportunity to set out its arguments to the EDP application.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember487\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2) <em>Due process complaint:<\/em>The Court found that the plaintiff fully participated in the process without raising any complaint contemporaneously.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember488\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(3) <em>Excess of submission complaint:<\/em> The Court held that the Tribunal\u2019s decisions in the arbitral award were within the scope of the EDP application.\u00a0 On the plain wording of Article 34(2)(a)(iii) of UNCITRAL Model Law (\u201c<strong>ML<\/strong>\u201d), it appears that the article only applies if the award contains matters \u201c<em>beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration<\/em>\u201d.\u00a0 The Court had some doubt as to whether the article can be carved out to apply only to the EDP application.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember489\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(4) <em>Public policy ground:<\/em> The Court held that the plaintiff was unable to show that the alleged manifest incoherence (1) resulted from a chain of reasoning that parties had no reasonable notice of or had an insufficient nexus to the parties\u2019 arguments, such that the parties did not have the chance to address the point in that chain of reasoning, or (2) gave rise to a clear and virtually inescapable inference that the Tribunal had completely failed to consider an essential point.\u00a0 On the <em>infra petita<\/em>complaint, the Court did not find any breach of natural justice, having assessed the issue wholistically.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember490\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">In relation to the costs award, the Court held that any challenge to the defendants\u2019 costs claim on the basis of a lack of particulars went to the correctness of the Tribunal\u2019s decision, which was a question of merits and therefore not a question with which the Court was concerned in a setting aside application.\u00a0 The Court also held that the Tribunal was entitled to adopt a broad-brush approach, given the absence of any prescribed mechanism for the assessment of costs in arbitration. \u00a0The Tribunal was not obliged to follow the scales and practices adopted by the court on taxation.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember491\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Takeaway<\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember492\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Hong Kong Court will only intervene in an arbitral award if the applicant is able to show there was a serious violation of agreed arbitration procedures and that such violation gave rise to flagrant breach of procedural fairness.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember493\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The phrase \u201c<em>decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration<\/em>\u201d in ML 34(2)(a)(iii) should be construed narrowly to only include those decisions which are clearly unrelated to or not reasonably required for the determination of the subject disputes, matters or issues that have been submitted to arbitration.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember494\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The public policy ground for opposing the enforcement of an arbitral award will succeed only if it is repugnant to recognised and basic notions of justice, or there is substantial injustice arising out of the award which is shocking to the Court\u2019s conscience. It is not a catch-all provision and should be applied sparingly.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember495\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Whether the counterparty has put forward sufficient particulars to substantiate its case is a question of merit and cannot be reframed as a procedural irregularity warranting an application to set aside an arbitral award.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"reader-divider-block__horizontal-rule\" \/>\n<p id=\"ember496\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong>4) <\/strong><strong><em>Bank v Guarantor &amp; Others<\/em><\/strong><strong> [2026] HKCFI 1818 &#8211;<\/strong> <strong>Court of First Instance dismissed application to set aside a Shenzhen Court of International Arbitration award based on \u201cnovel\u201d ground<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember497\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Court of First Instance dismissed the Guarantor\u2019s application to set aside an arbitral award made by the Shenzhen Court of International Arbitration (\u201c<strong>SCIA<\/strong>\u201d). The decision reaffirms the established principles on condition precedent to arbitration and public policy.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember498\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Facts<\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember499\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The plaintiff Bank obtained a SCIA arbitral award (\u201c<strong>Award<\/strong>\u201d), under which the first defendant borrower was to pay the Bank the principal loan with interest and costs, and the second defendant Guarantor was ordered to be jointly and severally liable under a written guarantee contract (\u201c<strong>Guarantee<\/strong>\u201d). \u00a0Leave to enforce the Award in Hong Kong was granted on 28 August 2025.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember500\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Guarantor applied to set aside the enforcement order on the following grounds, namely:<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember501\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1) <em>Procedural ground:<\/em> Clause 15.2 of the Guarantee provides that \u201c<em>any dispute arising out of or in connection with (the contract) shall be settled by the guarantor and the lender through amicable discussions, failing which the parties agree\u2026 to apply to the <\/em>[SCIA]<em> for arbitration.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 The Guarantor claimed that there had been no amicable discussions between the Bank and the Guarantor at all.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember502\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2) <em>Inability to present case ground:<\/em> The Guarantor claimed that it was not given a reasonable opportunity to be heard on an allegedly \u201ccritical\u201d issue in the arbitration relating to the legal validity of the Guarantee. \u00a0The Guarantor made brief oral submissions during the arbitration that the issue was a question of Cayman law, but the Tribunal did not deal with it during the hearing and directed the parties to provide written submissions on the proper law after the hearing.\u00a0 Pursuant to this, the Bank submitted that the proper law should be Hong Kong law, which the Guarantor claimed was the first time the Bank made this submission.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember503\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(3) <em>Public policy ground: <\/em>The Guarantor claimed that the Bank had acted contrary to the public policy of Hong Kong by commencing the arbitration and enforcing the Award against the Guarantor while it was undergoing restructuring.\u00a0 The Guarantor relied on the policy of the National Financial Regulatory Administration and the People\u2019s Bank of China in 2022, the foreign exchange control regulations of Mainland[AC1]\u00a0 China, and the &#8220;Hong Kong Approach to Corporate Difficulties&#8221; issued by the Hong Kong Association of Banks and the Monetary Authority (\u201c<strong>HKMA Guidelines<\/strong>\u201d).<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember504\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Decision<\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember505\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">The Court rejected all three grounds and dismissed the application, awarding indemnity costs against the Guarantor.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember506\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1) <em>Procedural ground: <\/em>The Court applied <em>C v D<\/em> (2023) 26 HKCFAR 216 and held whether a condition precedent to arbitration had been fulfilled to affect the validity of the arbitration and the award made thereunder goes to the admissibility of a claim.\u00a0 The Court does not review the correctness of a tribunal\u2019s finding on admissibility unless the parties have expressly and clearly provided for the contrary.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember507\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Court also applied <em>Hebei Import and Export Corp v Polyteck Engineering Co Ltd<\/em>(1999) 2 HKCFAR 111.\u00a0 It was held that, by failing to raise the issue with the Tribunal and thereby depriving it of the opportunity to rectify the alleged breach, the Guarantor was in breach of its duty of good faith in the arbitration and was estopped from raising the issue before the Court.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember508\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(3) <em>Inability to present case ground:<\/em> The Court found that it was incumbent on the Guarantor to raise the issue as to the legal validity of the Guarantee in good time and adduce the necessary evidence.\u00a0 On the facts, the Guarantor chose to raise the issue with the Tribunal at last minute and never applied to adduce the necessary evidence.\u00a0 There was also no evidence of any prejudice suffered by the Guarantor or how the Tribunal\u2019s decision could have been different if the Guarantor had been able to adduce the necessary evidence.\u00a0 The Court therefore refused to exercise its discretion to refuse enforcement of the Award.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember509\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(4) <em>Public policy ground:<\/em> The Court held that the Mainland[AC2]\u00a0 policy and foreign exchange control regulations had no effect in Hong Kong and the HKMA Guidelines were simply general guidelines to banks.\u00a0 There was no public policy recognised in Hong Kong that the Bank should be restrained from pursuing its claim against the Guarantor.\u00a0 The Court further held that the Guarantor had clearly waived the right to make any such challenge before the Court by failing to raise the issue before the Tribunal. \u00a0The Court concluded that there was nothing shocking to the conscience of the Court or contrary to the fundamental conceptions of morality and justice.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember510\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\"><strong><em>Takeaway<\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember511\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pre-arbitration negotiations and discussions, and whether any pre-condition or condition precedent to arbitration had been fulfilled, are issues of admissibility, not jurisdiction. \u00a0They are within the permit of the tribunal, and the Court does not review the correctness of the tribunal\u2019s findings.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember512\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Parties to an arbitration have a duty of good faith and must raise any procedural or substantive issues promptly before the tribunal.\u00a0 The Court is unlikely to entertain any objection to enforcement on issues which had not been raised with the tribunal.\u00a0 A party who fails to pursue its case during the arbitration on its fault will only have itself to blame.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember513\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The public policy ground for opposing enforcement of arbitral awards cannot be easily invoked.\u00a0 Non-observance of non-binding policies or measures clearly cannot meet the threshold.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember514\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">(4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Meritless challenges to enforcement may attract indemnity costs.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hant\/our-people\/sunny-hathiramani\/\">Sunny Hathiramani<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Partner |\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:sunnyhathiramani@tannerdewitt.com\">Email<\/a><\/p>\n<hr class=\"reader-divider-block__horizontal-rule\" \/>\n<p id=\"ember2653\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <div class=\"tdw-three-cols-two-rows-article\" id=\"\">\n        <div style=\"background:#FFFFFF\"\n            class=\"three-cols-two-rows    \" id=\"three-cols-two-rows\">\n\n            <div class=\"three-cols-two-rows-title-button\">\n                <div class=\"flex flex-row justify-between w-[100%] max-w-[1360px] mx-auto\">\n                    <h3 class=\"title no-underline\">Featured Articles<\/h3>\n                    <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                  \n\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"three-cols-two-rows-container\">\n\n                                                                                        \n<a class=\"h-[100%] block no-underline group\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/insight-and-news\/news-update-no-phishing-here-the-sfc-raises-cybersecurity-expectations-for-internet-brokers-and-virtual-asset-trading-platforms\/\">\n    <div style=\"background:#F8F8F8\" class=\"h-[100%]  article-card\"\n        id=\"article-card\">\n        <div class=\"article-card-header\">\n                                                <span style=\"color:#781d7e\" class=\"article-caption\">Insights<\/span>\n                \n            \n            <div class=\"article-title no-underline group-hover:!underline line-clamp-3\">\n                News update: No phishing here \u2013 The SFC raises cybersecurity expectations for internet brokers and virtual asset trading platforms\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"article-author-and-date-container \">\n                            <span data-href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/our-people\/padraig-walsh\/\"\n                    class=\"article-author cursor-pointer hover:underline\">\n                    P\u00e1draig Walsh<\/span>\n\n            \n                            <svg width=\"5\" height=\"5\" viewBox=\"0 0 5 5\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <path\n                        d=\"M0.680664 2.56641V2.20605C0.680664 1.70215 0.838867 1.28613 1.15527 0.958008C1.47754 0.629883 1.91406 0.46582 2.46484 0.46582C3.02148 0.46582 3.46094 0.629883 3.7832 0.958008C4.10547 1.28613 4.2666 1.70215 4.2666 2.20605V2.56641C4.2666 3.06445 4.10547 3.47754 3.7832 3.80566C3.4668 4.12793 3.03027 4.28906 2.47363 4.28906C1.92285 4.28906 1.48633 4.12793 1.16406 3.80566C0.841797 3.47754 0.680664 3.06445 0.680664 2.56641Z\"\n                        fill=\"#656363\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            \n            <span>16 July 2026<\/span>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<script>\n\n    (function () {\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n            const author = document.querySelector(\".article-author\");\n\n            author.addEventListener('click', (e) => {\n                e.stopPropagation();\n\n                window.location = author.getAttribute('data-href')\n            });\n        });\n    })();\n\n<\/script>                        \n                                                                        \n<a class=\"h-[100%] block no-underline group\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/insight-and-news\/shaping-arbitration-in-2026-a-mid-year-review-of-four-significant-hong-kong-court-decisions\/\">\n    <div style=\"background:#F8F8F8\" class=\"h-[100%]  article-card\"\n        id=\"article-card\">\n        <div class=\"article-card-header\">\n                                                <span style=\"color:#781d7e\" class=\"article-caption\">Insights<\/span>\n                \n            \n            <div class=\"article-title no-underline group-hover:!underline line-clamp-3\">\n                Shaping Arbitration in 2026: a Mid-year Review of Four Significant Hong Kong Court Decisions\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"article-author-and-date-container \">\n                            <span data-href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/our-people\/sunny-hathiramani\/\"\n                    class=\"article-author cursor-pointer hover:underline\">\n                    Sunny Hathiramani<\/span>\n\n            \n                            <svg width=\"5\" height=\"5\" viewBox=\"0 0 5 5\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <path\n                        d=\"M0.680664 2.56641V2.20605C0.680664 1.70215 0.838867 1.28613 1.15527 0.958008C1.47754 0.629883 1.91406 0.46582 2.46484 0.46582C3.02148 0.46582 3.46094 0.629883 3.7832 0.958008C4.10547 1.28613 4.2666 1.70215 4.2666 2.20605V2.56641C4.2666 3.06445 4.10547 3.47754 3.7832 3.80566C3.4668 4.12793 3.03027 4.28906 2.47363 4.28906C1.92285 4.28906 1.48633 4.12793 1.16406 3.80566C0.841797 3.47754 0.680664 3.06445 0.680664 2.56641Z\"\n                        fill=\"#656363\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            \n            <span>15 July 2026<\/span>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<script>\n\n    (function () {\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n            const author = document.querySelector(\".article-author\");\n\n            author.addEventListener('click', (e) => {\n                e.stopPropagation();\n\n                window.location = author.getAttribute('data-href')\n            });\n        });\n    })();\n\n<\/script>                        \n                                                                        \n<a class=\"h-[100%] block no-underline group\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/insight-and-news\/case-update-fcmc-4687-2023-legal-costs-provision-financial-disclosure-and-adverse-inference-in-hong-kong-family-law\/\">\n    <div style=\"background:#F8F8F8\" class=\"h-[100%]  article-card\"\n        id=\"article-card\">\n        <div class=\"article-card-header\">\n                                                <span style=\"color:#781d7e\" class=\"article-caption\">Insights<\/span>\n                \n            \n            <div class=\"article-title no-underline group-hover:!underline line-clamp-3\">\n                Case Update &#8211; FCMC 4687\/2023 \u2013 Legal Costs Provision, Financial Disclosure, and Adverse Inference in Hong Kong Family Law\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"article-author-and-date-container \">\n                            <span data-href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/our-people\/joanne-brown\/\"\n                    class=\"article-author cursor-pointer hover:underline\">\n                    Joanne Brown<\/span>\n\n            \n                            <svg width=\"5\" height=\"5\" viewBox=\"0 0 5 5\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <path\n                        d=\"M0.680664 2.56641V2.20605C0.680664 1.70215 0.838867 1.28613 1.15527 0.958008C1.47754 0.629883 1.91406 0.46582 2.46484 0.46582C3.02148 0.46582 3.46094 0.629883 3.7832 0.958008C4.10547 1.28613 4.2666 1.70215 4.2666 2.20605V2.56641C4.2666 3.06445 4.10547 3.47754 3.7832 3.80566C3.4668 4.12793 3.03027 4.28906 2.47363 4.28906C1.92285 4.28906 1.48633 4.12793 1.16406 3.80566C0.841797 3.47754 0.680664 3.06445 0.680664 2.56641Z\"\n                        fill=\"#656363\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            \n            <span>09 July 2026<\/span>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<script>\n\n    (function () {\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n            const author = document.querySelector(\".article-author\");\n\n            author.addEventListener('click', (e) => {\n                e.stopPropagation();\n\n                window.location = author.getAttribute('data-href')\n            });\n        });\n    })();\n\n<\/script>                        \n                                                                        \n<a class=\"h-[100%] block no-underline group\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/insight-and-news\/no-second-bite-of-the-cherry-court-of-appeal-to-rule-on-whether-cap-597-precludes\/\">\n    <div style=\"background:#F8F8F8\" class=\"h-[100%]  article-card\"\n        id=\"article-card\">\n        <div class=\"article-card-header\">\n                                                <span style=\"color:#781d7e\" class=\"article-caption\">Insights<\/span>\n                \n            \n            <div class=\"article-title no-underline group-hover:!underline line-clamp-3\">\n                No second bite of the cherry? Court of Appeal to rule on whether Cap. 597 precludes common law enforcement of qualifying Mainland judgments\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"article-author-and-date-container \">\n                            <span data-href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/our-people\/pamela-mak\/\"\n                    class=\"article-author cursor-pointer hover:underline\">\n                    Pamela Mak<\/span>\n\n            \n                            <svg width=\"5\" height=\"5\" viewBox=\"0 0 5 5\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <path\n                        d=\"M0.680664 2.56641V2.20605C0.680664 1.70215 0.838867 1.28613 1.15527 0.958008C1.47754 0.629883 1.91406 0.46582 2.46484 0.46582C3.02148 0.46582 3.46094 0.629883 3.7832 0.958008C4.10547 1.28613 4.2666 1.70215 4.2666 2.20605V2.56641C4.2666 3.06445 4.10547 3.47754 3.7832 3.80566C3.4668 4.12793 3.03027 4.28906 2.47363 4.28906C1.92285 4.28906 1.48633 4.12793 1.16406 3.80566C0.841797 3.47754 0.680664 3.06445 0.680664 2.56641Z\"\n                        fill=\"#656363\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            \n            <span>08 June 2026<\/span>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<script>\n\n    (function () {\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n            const author = document.querySelector(\".article-author\");\n\n            author.addEventListener('click', (e) => {\n                e.stopPropagation();\n\n                window.location = author.getAttribute('data-href')\n            });\n        });\n    })();\n\n<\/script>                        \n                                                                        \n<a class=\"h-[100%] block no-underline group\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/insight-and-news\/what-is-the-right-measure-of-compensation-in-hong-kong-discrimination-claims\/\">\n    <div style=\"background:#F8F8F8\" class=\"h-[100%]  article-card\"\n        id=\"article-card\">\n        <div class=\"article-card-header\">\n                                                <span style=\"color:#781d7e\" class=\"article-caption\">Insights<\/span>\n                \n            \n            <div class=\"article-title no-underline group-hover:!underline line-clamp-3\">\n                What Is the Right Measure of Compensation in Hong Kong Discrimination Claims?\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"article-author-and-date-container \">\n                            <span data-href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/our-people\/russell-bennett\/\"\n                    class=\"article-author cursor-pointer hover:underline\">\n                    Russell Bennett<\/span>\n\n            \n                            <svg width=\"5\" height=\"5\" viewBox=\"0 0 5 5\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <path\n                        d=\"M0.680664 2.56641V2.20605C0.680664 1.70215 0.838867 1.28613 1.15527 0.958008C1.47754 0.629883 1.91406 0.46582 2.46484 0.46582C3.02148 0.46582 3.46094 0.629883 3.7832 0.958008C4.10547 1.28613 4.2666 1.70215 4.2666 2.20605V2.56641C4.2666 3.06445 4.10547 3.47754 3.7832 3.80566C3.4668 4.12793 3.03027 4.28906 2.47363 4.28906C1.92285 4.28906 1.48633 4.12793 1.16406 3.80566C0.841797 3.47754 0.680664 3.06445 0.680664 2.56641Z\"\n                        fill=\"#656363\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            \n            <span>14 May 2026<\/span>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<script>\n\n    (function () {\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n            const author = document.querySelector(\".article-author\");\n\n            author.addEventListener('click', (e) => {\n                e.stopPropagation();\n\n                window.location = author.getAttribute('data-href')\n            });\n        });\n    })();\n\n<\/script>                        \n                                                                        \n<a class=\"h-[100%] block no-underline group\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/insight-and-news\/news-update-finfluencers-on-the-sfc-regulatory-radar\/\">\n    <div style=\"background:#F8F8F8\" class=\"h-[100%]  article-card\"\n        id=\"article-card\">\n        <div class=\"article-card-header\">\n                                                <span style=\"color:#781d7e\" class=\"article-caption\">Insights<\/span>\n                \n            \n            <div class=\"article-title no-underline group-hover:!underline line-clamp-3\">\n                News update: Finfluencers on the SFC regulatory radar\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"article-author-and-date-container \">\n                            <span data-href=\"https:\/\/www.tannerdewitt.com\/zh-hans\/our-people\/padraig-walsh\/\"\n                    class=\"article-author cursor-pointer hover:underline\">\n                    P\u00e1draig Walsh<\/span>\n\n            \n                            <svg width=\"5\" height=\"5\" viewBox=\"0 0 5 5\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <path\n                        d=\"M0.680664 2.56641V2.20605C0.680664 1.70215 0.838867 1.28613 1.15527 0.958008C1.47754 0.629883 1.91406 0.46582 2.46484 0.46582C3.02148 0.46582 3.46094 0.629883 3.7832 0.958008C4.10547 1.28613 4.2666 1.70215 4.2666 2.20605V2.56641C4.2666 3.06445 4.10547 3.47754 3.7832 3.80566C3.4668 4.12793 3.03027 4.28906 2.47363 4.28906C1.92285 4.28906 1.48633 4.12793 1.16406 3.80566C0.841797 3.47754 0.680664 3.06445 0.680664 2.56641Z\"\n                        fill=\"#656363\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            \n            <span>07 May 2026<\/span>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<script>\n\n    (function () {\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n            const author = document.querySelector(\".article-author\");\n\n            author.addEventListener('click', (e) => {\n                e.stopPropagation();\n\n                window.location = author.getAttribute('data-href')\n            });\n        });\n    })();\n\n<\/script>                        \n                                    \n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"mt-5 xl:mt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n         \n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1) LY v HW [2026] HKCA 936 \u2013 Court of Appeal confirmed high threshold for setting aside arbitral awards for failure to deal with key issues The Court of Appeal upheld the dismissal of an application to set aside an HKIAC award, reaffirming the high threshold for challenging arbitral awards based on a tribunal\u2019s failure 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